The compressive strength of mortar, as determined by utilizing 2-inch or 50-mm cubes by ASTM C109 / C109M – Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, serves as a crucial parameter in assessing the durability and load-bearing capacity of various masonry structures. Mortar, composed of a blend of cement, sand, and water, … Read more
Thermoplastic composites represent a highly ductile material capable of being repaired even after prolonged service. Characterized by their high toughness, substantial strength, and unique ability to be remolded and recycled, these materials emerge as an optimal choice in various construction applications. Typically deployed in lightweight structures, storage tanks, door and window frames, as well as … Read more
Different types of Portland cement are manufactured to meet specific purposes, as outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Designation C150, which specifies eight types: Type Name Type I Normal Type IA Normal, air entraining Type II Moderate sulfate resistance Type IIA Moderate sulfate resistance, air entraining Type III High early strength … Read more
The penetration value test on bitumen serves as a crucial measure of its hardness and consistency. Specifically, a bitumen grade like 80/100 signifies that its penetration value falls within the range of 80 to 100. This value is determined by the vertical distance penetrated by a standard needle into the bituminous material under specific conditions … Read more
Soil compaction is a fundamental engineering process that involves the mechanical compression of soil particles, reducing the void spaces between them while simultaneously increasing the mass density. Compaction of Soil This crucial procedure is indispensable for various construction projects, such as earth dams, canal embankments, highways, runways, and many other structures. This article explores the … Read more
Soil is a mixture of organic materials, minerals, organisms, air, and water that provide the medium for plant growth. Soil is also important for construction as it is the material upon which infrastructure is built. In this article, we’ll discuss the classification of soil. After analyzing the soil behavior, if they seem to be similar, … Read more
Aluminium paint is solvent-based paint that is filled with aluminium flake. It can be used as both wooden and metallic finish. Such as storage tanks, roofs, and pipework. Aluminium paint can withstand temperatures up to 150°C (302°F). Aluminium paint is excellent resistant to heat, light, and water permeability. Aluminium paint gives a clean and smooth … Read more
Primer is an undercoat sticky, flat paint without any pigment that is designed to adhere well, and it provides a consistent foundation for the top layers of paint. If a surface is not coated with primer, you will likely need more paint coats for adequate coverage, and the paint may not stick as well to … Read more
This article describes the mix design procedure for M25 concrete by IS 10262:2019. The article has been divided into three parts- data collection, parameters setting, and calculations. Each step contains a reference to the corresponding codes and calculations are done accordingly. Let us start the mix design procedure for concrete of grade M25. Mix Design For M25 … Read more
The time elapsed between when water is introduced to the cement and when the cement paste begins to lose its fluidity is known as the initial setting time of cement. Alternatively, it may be described as the period between adding water to the cement and the Vicat square needle penetrating a depth of 33-35 mm … Read more